Multilayer-based image encoding/decoding method and apparatus

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for video decoding that support a plurality of layers. The method for video decoding includes acquiring information indicating whether tile information exists and acquiring the tile information based on the information indicating whether tile information exists.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of Application No. 15/028,570 havinga 371(c) date of Apr. 11, 2016, which is a U.S. National StageApplication of International Application No. PCT/KR2014/009580, filed onOct. 13, 2014, which claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(a) and 365(b)of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0122252, filed on Oct. 14,2013, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0124205, filed on Oct. 17,2013, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0127469, filed on Oct. 25,2013, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0128202, filed on Oct. 28,2013, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0000426, filed on Jan. 2,2014, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0004131, filed on Jan. 13,2014, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0137482, filed on Oct.13, 2014 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to video encoding and decoding, and moreparticularly, to a method of expressing a tile and a picture when one ormore layers exist in a video bitstream.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, while a multimedia environment has been built up,various terminals and networks have been used and as a result, user'srequirements have been diversified.

For example, as performance and computing capability of terminals havebeen diversified, supported performance has also been diversified foreach apparatus. Further, in the case of a network in which informationis transmitted, a pattern, an amount, a speed, and the like oftransmitted information as well as an external structure such as wiredand wireless networks have been diversified for each function. A userhas selected a terminal and a network to be used according to a desiredfunction and further, spectrums of a terminal and a network which anenterprise provides to the user have been diversified.

In this regard, in recent years, as a broadcast having a high definition(HD) resolution has been extended and serviced worldwide as well asdomestically, a lot of users have been familiar with high-definition andhigh-quality videos. As a result, organizations associated with a lot ofvideo services have made a lot of efforts to develop next-generationvideo apparatuses.

Further, as the interest in ultra high definition (UHD) having fourtimes higher resolution than an HDTV as well as the HDTV has beenincreased, a requirement for technology that compresses and processeshigher-resolution and higher-definition videos has been furtherincreased.

In order to compress and process the video, inter prediction technologyof predicting a pixel value included in a current video from atemporally prior and/or post video, intra prediction technology ofpredicting another pixel value included in the current video by usingpixel information in the current video, and entropy encoding technologyof allocating a short sign to a symbol in which an appearance frequencyis high and a long sign to a symbol in which the appearance frequency islow, and the like may be used.

As described above, when respective terminals and networks havingdifferent supported functions, and the diversified user requirements areconsidered, a quality, a size, a frame, and the like of a supportedvideo need to be consequently diversified.

As such, due to heterogeneous communication networks, and terminalshaving various functions and various types of terminals, scalabilitythat variously supports the quality, resolution, size, frame rate, andthe like of the video becomes a primary function of a video format.

Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a scalability function so as toachieve video encoding and decoding in terms of time, space, videoquality, and the like in order to provide a service required by the userunder various environments based on a high-efficiency method for videoencoding.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and anapparatus for video encoding/decoding capable of improving videoencoding/decoding efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and anapparatus of signaling tile information in scalable video coding capableof improving encoding/decoding efficiency.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method andan apparatus of signaling representation format information in scalablevideo coding capable of improving encoding/decoding efficiency.

Technical Solution

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided a method for video decoding that supports a plurality oflayers. The method for video decoding includes acquiring informationindicating whether tile information exists and acquiring the tileinformation based on the information indicating whether tile informationexists.

The tile information may be information representing whether locationsof tiles existing in a picture of a current layer collocate withlocations of tiles existing in a picture of a reference layer referredto by the current layer.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided a method for video decoding supporting a plurality of layers.The method for video decoding includes acquiring information indicatingwhether chroma format information and bit-depth information exist andacquiring the chroma format information and the bit-depth informationbased on the information indicating whether the chroma formatinformation and the bit-depth information exist.

Advantageous Effects

According to the embodiments of the present invention, when each layeris configured by one or more tiles in a layered bitstream, parallelencoding/decoding of the layered bitstream may be performed throughsignaling for a correlation between the layers, and encoding/decoding ofan area of interest constituted by the tiles may be easily performed.Further, encoding/decoding efficiency may be improved by efficientlysignaling picture representation information.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatusfor video encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatusfor video decoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram schematically illustrating a scalablevideo coding structure using a plurality of layers according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an empty tile area which is removed inone picture.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for acquiringtile information in the scalable video coding structure supporting theplurality of layers according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for acquiringrepresentation format information in the scalable video coding structuresupporting the plurality of layers according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

MODE FOR INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described indetail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In describing theembodiments of the present specification, when it is determined that thedetailed description of the known art related to the present inventionmay obscure the gist of the present invention, the correspondingdescription thereof may be omitted.

It will be understood that when an element is simply referred to asbeing ‘connected to’ or ‘coupled to’ another element without being‘directly connected to’ or ‘directly coupled to’ another element in thepresent description, it may be ‘directly connected to’ or ‘directlycoupled to’ another element or be connected to or coupled to anotherelement, having the other element intervening therebetween. Moreover, acontent of describing “including” a specific component in thespecification does not exclude a component other than the correspondingcomponent and means that an additional component may be included in theembodiments of the present invention or the scope of the technicalspirit of the present invention.

Terms such first, second, and the like may be used to describe variouscomponents, but the components are not limited by the terms. The aboveterms are used only to discriminate one component from the othercomponent. For example, without departing from the scope of the presentinvention, a first component may be referred to as a second component,and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a firstcomponent.

Further, components described in the embodiments of the presentinvention are independently illustrated in order to show differentcharacteristic functions and each component is not constituted byseparated hardware or one software constituting unit. That is, eachcomponent includes respective components which are arranged for easydescription and at least two components of the respective components mayconstitute one component or one component is divided into a plurality ofcomponents which may perform their functions. Even an integratedembodiment and separated embodiments of each component is also includedin the scope of the present invention without departing from the spiritof the present invention.

Further, some components are not requisite components that performessential functions but selective components for just improvingperformance in the present invention. The present invention may beimplemented with the requisite component for implementing the spirit ofthe present invention other than the component used to just improve theperformance and a structure including only the requisite component otherthan the selective component used to just improve the performance isalso included in the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatusfor video encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A scalable apparatus for video encoding that supports a multi-layerstructure may be implemented by extending a general apparatus for videoencoding having a single-layer structure. The block diagram of FIG. 1illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus for video encoding which maybe a basis of the scalable apparatus for video encoding which may beapplied to the multi-layer structure.

Referring to FIG. 1, a apparatus 100 for video encoding includes aninter prediction module 110, an intra prediction module 120, a switch115, a subtractor 125, a transform module 130, a quantization module140, an entropy encoding module 150, an inverse quantization module 160,an inverse transform module 170, an adder 175, a filter module 180, anda reference picture buffer 190.

The apparatus 100 for video encoding may encode an input video in anintra mode or an inter mode and output a bitstream.

In the intra mode, the switch 115 may be switched to intra, and in theinter mode, the switch 115 may be switched to inter. The intraprediction means an intra-screen prediction, and the inter predictionmeans an inter-screen prediction. The apparatus 100 for video encodingmay generate a prediction block for an input block of the input videoand thereafter, encode a residual between the input block and theprediction block. In this case, the input video may mean an originalpicture.

In the intra mode, the intra prediction module 120 may a sample value ofan already encoded/decoded block around a current block as a referencesample. The intra prediction module 120 may perform the spatialprediction by using the reference sample to generate prediction samplesfor the current block.

In the inter mode, the inter prediction module 110 may acquire a motionvector by specifying a reference block having the smallest differencefrom the input block (current block) in the reference picture stored inthe reference video buffer 190 during a motion prediction process. Theinter prediction module 110 corrects a motion by using the motion vectorand the reference picture stored in the picture buffer 190 to generatethe prediction block for the current block.

In case of the multi-layer structure, the inter prediction applied inthe inter mode may include the inter-layer prediction. The interprediction module 110 configures an inter-layer reference picture bysampling a picture of the reference layer and encapsulates theinter-layer reference picture in the reference picture list to performthe inter-layer prediction. An inter-layer reference relationship may besignaled through information that specifies inter-layer dependence.

Meanwhile, when the current layer picture and the reference layerpicture have the same size, sampling applied to the reference layerpicture may mean generation of a reference sample by sample copying fromthe reference layer picture. When the current layer picture and thereference layer picture have different resolutions, the sampling appliedto the reference layer picture may mean up-sampling.

For example, as a case in which layers have different resolutions, theinter-layer reference picture may be configured by up-sampling thereconstructed picture of the reference layer between layers that supportscalability regarding the resolution.

Which layer the inter-layer reference picture is configured by using apicture of may be determined by considering encoding cost and the like.The encoding apparatus may transmit, to the decoding apparatus,information that specifies the layer to which the picture to be used asthe inter-layer reference picture belongs.

Further, a picture used to predict the current block within a layerwhich is referred to in the inter-layer prediction, that is, thereference layer may be a picture of the same access unit (AU) as thecurrent picture (a prediction target picture within the current layer).

The subtractor 125 may generate a residual block by a residual betweenthe input block and the generated prediction block.

The transform module 130 transforms the residual block to output atransform coefficient. Herein, the transform coefficient may mean acoefficient value generated by transforming the residual block and/or aresidual signal. Hereinafter, in this specification, a quantizedtransform coefficient level generated when the transform coefficient isquantized may also be called the transform coefficient.

When a transform skip mode is applied, the transform module 130 may skiptransforming the residual block.

The quantization module 140 quantizes an input transform coefficientaccording to a quantization parameter to output a quantized coefficient.The quantized coefficient may also be called the quantized transformcoefficient level. In this case, the quantization module 140 mayquantize the input transform coefficient by using a quantization matrix.

The entropy encoding module 150 performs entropy-encoding valuescalculated by the quantization module 140 or an encoded parameter valuecalculated during encoding according to probability distribution tooutput the bitstream. The entropy encoding module 150 may entropy-encodeinformation (for example, a syntax element, and the like) for videoencoding in addition to pixel information of the video.

The encoding parameter is a parameter required for encoding anddecoding, and may include information encoded in the encoding apparatusto be transferred to the decoding apparatus like the syntax element andinformation to be inferred during the encoding or decoding process.

For example, the encoding parameter may include values or statistics ofan intra/inter prediction mode, a movement/motion vector, a referencevideo index, an encoding block pattern, presence of a residual signal, atransform coefficient, a quantized transform coefficient, a quantizationparameter, a block size, block segment information, and the like.

The residual signal may mean a difference between an original signal anda prediction signal, and may also mean a signal having a transformedform of the difference between the original signal and the predictionsignal or a signal having a transformed and quantized form of thedifference between the original signal and the prediction signal. Theresidual signal may be referred to as a residual block in a block unit.

In the case where the entropy encoding is applied, a few of bits areallocated to a symbol having high occurrence probability and a lot ofbits are allocated to a symbol having low occurrence probability toexpress the symbols, and as a result, a size of a bitstream for symbolsto be encoded may be reduced. Accordingly, compression performance ofvideo encoding may be enhanced through the entropy encoding.

The entropy encoding module 150 may use encoding methods such asexponential-golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), andcontext-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) for the entropyencoding. For example, the entropy encoding module 150 may performentropy-encoding by using a variable length coding/code (VLC) table.Further, the entropy encoding module 150 derives a binarization methodof a target symbol and a probability model of a target symbol/bin, andthen may also perform the entropy-encoding by using the derivedbinarization method or probability model.

Since the apparatus 100 for video encoding according to the embodimentof FIG. 1 performs inter prediction encoding, that is, inter-screenprediction encoding, a currently encoded video needs to be decoded andstored so as to be used as the reference video. Accordingly, thequantized coefficient may be inversely quantized in the inversequantization module 160 and inversely transformed in the inversetransform module 170. The inversely quantized and inversely transformedcoefficient is added to the prediction block by the adder 175 and areconstructed block is generated.

The reconstructed block passes though the filter module 180, and thefilter module 180 may apply at least one of a deblocking filter, asample adaptive offset (SAO), and an adaptive loop filter (ALF) to thereconstructed block or a reconstructed picture. The filter module 180may be called an adaptive in-loop filter. The deblocking filter mayremove block distortion which occurs on a boundary between blocks. TheSAO may add an appropriate offset value to a pixel value in order tocompensate for coding error. The ALF may perform filtering based on avalue acquired by comparing the reconstructed video and the originalvideo. The reconstructed block which passes through the filter module180 may be stored in the reference video buffer 190.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatusfor video decoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.

An apparatus for scalable video decoding that supports the multi-layerstructure may be implemented by extending a general apparatus for videodecoding having a single-layer structure. The block diagram of FIG. 2illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus for video decoding which maybe a basis of the apparatus for scalable video decoding which may beapplied to the multi-layer structure.

Referring to FIG. 2, an apparatus 200 for video decoding includes anentropy decoding module 210, an inverse quantization module 220, aninverse transform module 230, an intra prediction module 240, an interprediction module 250, an adder 255, a filter module 260, and areference picture buffer 270.

The apparatus 200 for video decoding may receive a bitstream output byan encoder and decodes the received bitstream in the intra mode or theinter mode, and output the modified video, that is, the reconstructedvideo.

In the intra mode, the switch may be switched to intra, and in the intermode, the switch may be switched to inter.

The apparatus 200 for video decoding may acquire a reconstructedresidual block from the received bitstream and generate a predictionblock and then generate a block modified by adding the reconstructedresidual block and the prediction block, that is, the reconstructionblock.

The entropy decoding module 210 entropy-decodes the input bitstreamaccording to probability distribution to generate information on aquantized coefficient and a syntax element.

The quantized coefficient is inversely quantized by the inversequantization module 220 and inversely transformed by the inversetransform module 230. The quantized coefficient is inverselyquantized/inversely transformed, and as a result, the reconstructedresidual block may be generated. In this case, the inverse quantizationmodule 220 may apply a quantization matrix to the quantized coefficient.

In the intra mode, the intra prediction module 240 may perform a spatialprediction by using a sample value of an already decoded block aroundthe current block and generate prediction samples for the current block.

In the inter mode, the inter prediction module 250 compensates for amotion by using a motion vector and a reference picture stored in thereference picture buffer 270 to generate the prediction block for thecurrent block.

In case of the multi-layer structure, the inter prediction applied inthe inter mode may include the inter-layer prediction. The interprediction module 250 configures an inter-layer reference picture bysampling a picture of the reference layer and encapsulates theinter-layer reference picture in the reference picture list to performthe inter-layer prediction. An inter-layer reference relationship may besignaled through information that specifies inter-layer dependence.

Meanwhile, when the current layer picture and the reference layerpicture have the same size, sampling applied to the reference layerpicture may mean generation of a reference sample by sample copying fromthe reference layer picture. When the current layer picture and thereference layer picture have different resolutions, the sampling appliedto the reference layer picture may mean up-sampling.

For example, as a case in which layers have different resolutions, whenthe inter-layer prediction is applied between the layers that supportsscalability regarding the resolution, the inter-layer reference picturemay be configured by up-sampling the reconstructed picture of thereference layer.

In this case, information that specifies the layer to which the pictureto be used as the inter-layer reference picture belongs may betransmitted from the encoding apparatus to the decoding apparatus.

Further, a picture used to predict the current block within a layerwhich is referred to in the inter-layer prediction, that is, thereference layer may be a picture of the same access unit (AU) as thecurrent picture (a prediction target picture within the current layer).

The reconstructed residual block and the prediction block are added bythe adder 255, and as a result, the reconstructed block may begenerated. In other words, a residual sample and a prediction sample areadded to each other, and as a result, a reconstructed sample or areconstructed picture is generated.

The reconstructed picture is filtered by the filter module 260. Thefilter module 260 may apply at least one of a deblocking filter, an SAO,and an ALF to the reconstructed block or the reconstructed picture. Thefilter module 260 outputs a modified or filtered reconstructed picture.The reconstructed video is stored in the reference picture buffer 270 tobe used in the inter prediction.

Further, the apparatus 200 for video decoding may further include aparsing unit (not illustrated) parsing information regarding the encodedvideo included in the bitstream. The parsing unit may include theentropy decoding module 210, and may also be included in the entropydecoding module 210. The parsing unit may also be implemented as oneconstituent element of the decoding unit.

Although it has been described that one encoding apparatus/decodingapparatus processes encoding/decoding of multi-layers in FIGS. 1 and 2,it is for easy description and the encoding apparatus/decoding apparatusmay be configured for each layer.

In this case, the encoding apparatus/decoding apparatus of an upperlayer may perform encoding/decoding of the corresponding upper layer byusing information of the upper layer and information of the lower layer.For example, the prediction unit (inter prediction unit) of the upperlayer may perform the intra-prediction or inter-prediction for thecurrent block by using pixel information or picture information of theupper layer, and perform the inter-prediction (inter-layer prediction)of the current block of the upper layer by receiving the reconstructedpicture information from the lower layer and using the same. Herein,only the inter-layer prediction has been described as an example, butthe encoding apparatus/decoding apparatus may perform encoding/decodingfor a current layer by using information of another layer, no matterwhat the encoding apparatus/decoding apparatus are configured for eachlayer or one apparatus processes the multi-layers.

In the present invention, the layer may include a view. In this case, inthe case of the inter-layer prediction, the prediction of the upperlayer is not just performed by using the information of the lower layer,but the inter-layer prediction may be performed by using information ofanother layer among layers that are specified to be dependent byinformation that specifies inter-layer dependence.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram schematically illustrating a scalablevideo coding structure using a plurality of layers according to anembodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, a group of picture (GOP)represents a picture group, that is, a group of pictures.

A transmission medium is required to transmit video data and performancethereof varies for each transmission medium according to various networkenvironments. A scalable video coding method may be provided to beapplied to various transmission media or network environments.

The video coding method (hereinafter, referred to as ‘scalable coding’or ‘scalable video coding’) supporting the scalability is a codingmethod that increases encoding and decoding performance by removinginter-layer redundancy by using inter-layer texture information, motioninformation, a residual signal, and the like. The scalable video codingmethod may provide various scalabilities in spatial, temporal, quality,and view terms according to surrounding conditions such as transmissionbit rate, transmission error rate, and a system resource.

The scalable video coding may be performed by using a multiple-layerstructure so as to provide a bitstream which is applicable to variousnetwork situations. For example, the scalable video coding structure mayinclude a base layer that compresses and processes the video data byusing a general method for video decoding, and may include anenhancement layer that compresses and processes the video data by usingboth decoding information of the base layer and the general videodecoding method.

The base layer may be referred to as a base layer or a lower layer. Theenhancement layer may be designated as an enhancement layer or an upperlayer. In this case, the lower layer may mean a layer supportingscalability (spatial, temporal, quality, or view scalability) having alower level than a specific layer, and the upper layer may mean a layersupporting scalability (spatial, temporal, quality, or view scalability)having a higher level than the specific layer. Further, a layer referredto for encoding/decoding of a different layer may be called a referencelayer and a layer encoded/decoded by using the different layer may be acurrent layer. The reference layer may be a lower layer than the currentlayer and the current layer may be an upper layer than the referencelayer.

Herein, the layer means a set of videos and bitstreams that aredistinguished based on the spatial (for example, a video size), thetemporal (for example, a decoding order, a video output order, and framerate), the quality, the complexity, and the view.

Referring to FIG. 3, for example, the base layer may be defined asstandard definition (SD), a frame rate of 15 Hz, and a bit rate of 1Mbps, and a first enhancement layer may be defined as high definition(HD), a frame rate of 30 Hz, and a bit rate of 3.9 Mbps, and a secondenhancement layer may be defined as ultra high definition (4K-UHD), aframe rate of 60 Hz, and a bit rate of 27.2 Mbps.

The format, the frame rate, the bit rate, and the like as one embodimentmay be determined differently as necessary. Further, the number of usedlayers is not limited to the embodiment and may be determineddifferently according to a situation. For example, if a transmissionbandwidth is 4 Mbps, data may be transmitted at 15 Hz or less bydecreasing the frame rate of the first enhancement layer HD.

The scalable video coding method may provide spatial, temporal, quality,and view scalabilities by the method described in the embodiment of FIG.3. In this specification, the scalable video coding has the same meaningas the scalable video encoding in terms of encoding and the scalablevideo decoding in terms of decoding.

In a high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard, there is a method inwhich one picture is segmented in a tile format to be independentlyencoded. In other words, one picture is divided in to a plurality oftiles and each tile divided in one picture is independentlyencoded/decoded to be parallel-processed. Accordingly, informationindicating how the picture in the bitstream is configured in a tileformat is required, and in the HEVC, the tile information is to bedescribed in a picture parameter set (PPS). Further, in the HEVC,picture representation information, for example, spatial resolution,chroma format, and bit depth information is to be described in asequence parameter set (SPS).

In the case of scalable video coding which is a video standard extendingthe HEVC in order to provide scalability, the plurality of layers mayexist in the bitstream, and a correlation between the layers may exist.Accordingly, in a layered bitstream, when a picture is configured by oneor more tiles in each layer, the present invention provides a method forefficiently encoding/decoding tile information through signaling for thecorrelation between the layers. Further, the present invention providesa method for efficiently signaling the picture representationinformation in scalable vide coding.

Tile Information

A tile means a rectangular region constituted by coding tree blocks orcoding tree units in one picture and may be a sequence of the codingtree blocks or the coding tree units. The tile is always configured byinteger number of coding tree units. Herein, the coding tree block orcoding tree unit may be a processing unit of samples in the picture.

For example, one picture may be divided into two tiles by a verticaltile boundary in the picture. Each divided tile includes the integernumber of coding tree units and may be a rectangular region.

In a scalable HEVC (SHVC) which is a standard for supporting scalablevideo coding and a multiview HEVC (MV-HEVC) for supporting a multiview,the tile information may be signaled in the video parameter set (VPS)and the PPS. Particularly, in the VPS, there is flag informationindicating whether encoding/decoding is performed so that locations oftiles included in the corresponding layer collocate/coincide withlocations of tiles included in reference layers of the correspondinglayer. In this case, when a spatial resolution of the reference layerdoes not same as a spatial resolution of the corresponding layer, thespatial resolution of the reference layer is scaled to be the same asthe spatial resolution of the corresponding layer, and it may bedetermined whether the locations of the tiles of the corresponding layercollocate/coincide with the locations of the tiles included in thescaled reference layer.

The fact that the locations among the tiles collocate/coincide with eachother means that boundaries of the tiles collocate/coincide with eachother. Accordingly, as a flag indicating whether encoding/decoding isperformed so that the locations of the tiles included in thecorresponding layer collocate/coincide with the locations of the tilesincluded in the reference layers of the corresponding layer,tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] may be used. Thetile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] indicates whether an i-th layercoincides with a j-th reference layer in a location of the tile(boundary of the tile). However, in the case where the only one tile isincluded for each layer in the entire bitstream, thetile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j needs not to be signaled.

Accordingly, only when there is a picture including at least two tiles,it may be efficient to signal the tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j].

Hereinafter, in the present invention, as a method of efficientlysignaling the tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j], a syntax will bedescribed as an example.

Table 1 is an example of the syntax illustrating a method of signalingthe tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] according to the embodiment ofthe present invention.

TABLE 1 vps_vui( ){ Descriptor ...  vps_tiles_enabled_flag u(1)  if(vps_tiles_enabled_flag)   for( i = 1; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1, i++ )   for( j = 0; j < NumDirectRefLayers[ layer_id_in_nuh[ i ] ]; j++ ) {    tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)       } ... }

Referring to Table 1, when vps_tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 1, thepicture including two or more tiles among pictures referring to thecorresponding VPS may exist. When vps_tiles_enabled_flag has a value of0, all pictures of a coded video stream (CVS) include only one tile.

For example, when vps_tiles_enabled_flag is 1,tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] may be signaled.

Table 2 is another example of the syntax illustrating a method ofsignaling the tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 2 vps_vui( ){ Descriptor ...  tiles_not_in_use_flag u(1)  if(!tiles_not_in_use_flag)   for( i = 1; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1, i++ )   for( j = 0; j < NumDirectRefLayers[ layer_id_in_nuh[ i ] ]; j++ ) {    tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)       } ... }

Referring to Table 2, when tiles_not_in_use_flag has a value of 1, allpictures of the CVS include only one tiles. When tiles_not_in_use_flaghas a value of 0, the picture including two or more tiles among picturesreferring to the corresponding VPS may exist.

For example, when tiles_not_in_use_flag is 0,tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] may be signaled.

Table 3 is yet another example of the syntax illustrating a method ofsignaling the tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 3 vps_vui( ){ Descriptor ...   for( i = 1; i <=vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {    vps_tiles_enabled_flag[i] u(1)      If (vps_tiles_enabled_flag[i]) {     for( j = 0; j <NumDirectRefLayers[ layer_id_in_nuh[ i ] ]; j++ ) {     tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1) ...       }      }   }}

Referring to Table 3, when vps_tiles_enabled_flag[i] has a value of 1,each picture of the i-th layer includes at least two tiles. Whenvps_tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 0, all pictures of the i-th layerinclude only one tile.

For example, when vps_tiles_enabled_flag is 1,tile_boundaries_aligned_flag[i][j] may be signaled.

Table 4 is an example of a syntax illustrating a signaling method in thePPS by using vps_tiles_enabled_flag signaled in the VPS in Table 1according to the embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 4 pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ){ Descriptor ...  if(vps_tiles_enabled_flag )   tiles_enabled_flag u(1) ... }

Referring to Table 4, when tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 1, all thepictures referring to the corresponding PPS include two or more tiles.When tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 0, all pictures of referring tothe PPS include only one tile. If the tiles_enabled_flag value is notsignaled, it is assumed that the tiles_enabled_flag value is 0.

Like Table 4, whether tiles_enabled_flag is signaled byvps_tiles_enabled_flag may be determined. However, regardless ofvps_tiles_enabled_flag, like Table 5, in the case wheretiles_enabled_flag is signaled, the value of tiles_enabled_flag may be 1only when the value of vps_tiles_enabled_flag is 1. In other words, whenthe value of vps_tiles_enabled_flag is 0, the value oftiles_enabled_flag should be always 0.

TABLE 5 pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ){ Descriptor ...   tiles_enabled_flagu(1) ... }

Table 6 is an example a syntax illustrating a method of signalingsps_tiles_enabled_flag without signaling of vps_tiles_enabled_flag inthe SPS according to the embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 6 seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) Descriptor ...  sps_tiles_enabled_flag u(1) ... }

Referring to Table 6, when sps_tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 1, allthe pictures referring to the corresponding SPS include two or moretiles. When sps_tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 0, all pictures ofreferring to the SPS include one tile.

In association with Table 6, in the PPS, tiles_enabled_flag may also besignaled like the following Table 7 instead of Table 4.

TABLE 7 pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor ...  if(sps_tiles_enabled_flag   tiles_enabled_flag u(1) }

Revision of Tile-Enabled Flag in PPS

According to the HEVC standard, tiles_enabled_flag has the followingconstraints.

“With respect to all PPSs activated in the coded video stream (CVS),tiles_enabled_flag should have the same value.”

According to the constraints, in the present invention, in order tocoherently simplify the PPSs included in the CVS, when a value of alayer identifier nuh_layer_id is larger than 0, a method of signalingtiles_enabled_flag in the SPS without signaling tiles_enabled_flag inthe PPS is proposed.

Table 8 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of signalingtiles_enabled_flag in the SPS based on layer identifier nuh_layer_idinformation according to the embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 8 seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor ...  if( nuh_layer_id >0)   sps_tiles_enabled_flag u(1) }

The meaning of the syntaxes illustrated in Table 8 is the same as thosedescribed above, and herein, the description of the syntax will beomitted.

Table 9 is another example of a syntax illustrating a method ofsignaling tiles_enabled_flag in the SPS based on layer identifiernuh_layer_id information according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

TABLE 9 pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor ...  if( nuh_ layer_id ==0 )   tiles_enabled_flag u(1) }

Referring to Table 9, when tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 1, all thepictures referring to the corresponding PPS include two or more tiles.When sps_tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 0, all the pictures referringto the corresponding PPS include only one tile. If the value oftiles_enabled_flag is not signaled, the value of tiles_enabled_flag isinferred as the value of sps_tiles_enabled_flag.

In this case, the value of tiles_enabled_flag needs to have the samevalue in all the PPSs activated in a specific layer of the CVS.

Tile Information in VPS

Any CVSs may be complicated to be decoded in real time in some decoders.If the tile information is transferred to the decoder, the decoder maydetermine in advance whether the corresponding CVS may be decoded. Thatis, in the VPS, the signaled tile information may be used for sessionnegotiation. Further, if the pictures in the specific layer have thesame tile setting, that is, the same default tile shape, the tileinformation in all the PPSs needs not to be signaled.

Accordingly, in the present invention, in the VPS, generally, describingthe default tile information or information on a maximum and minimumnumber of tiles is proposed.

First Embodiment

Table 10 is an example of the syntax illustrating a method of signalingtile information in a VPS according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

TABLE 10 vps_vui( ){ Descriptor  ...  tiles_not_in_use_flag u(1)  if(tiles_not_in_use_flag ) {   for( i = 0, i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++) {        tiles_in_use_flag[i] u(1)        if(tiles_in_use_flag[i]){    default_tile_info_flag[i] u(1)     if(default_tile_setting_flag[i]){      num_tile_columns_minus1[ i ] ue(v)      num_tile_rows_minus1[ i ]ue(v)      uniform_spacing_flag[ i ] u(1)      if( !uniform_spacing_flag[ i ]) {       for( j = 0; j < num_tile_columns_minus1; j++ )       column_width_minus1[ i ][ j ] ue(v)       for( j = 0; j <num_tile_rows_minus1; j++ )        row_height_minus1[ i ][ j ] ue(v)     }      loop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag[ i ] u(1)     }      }   }   }  ... }

Referring to Table 10, when tiles_not_in_use_flag has a value of 1, allpictures of the CVS include only one tiles. When tiles_not_in_use_flaghas a value of 0, the picture including two or more tiles among picturesreferring to the corresponding VPS may exist.

When default_tile_info_flag[i] has a value of 1, the picture of the i-thlayer has a default tile setting. When default_tile_info_flag[i] has avalue of 0, the picture of the i-th layer may have the default tilesetting or not.

A value of num_tile_columns_minus1[i] plus 1 represents the number oftile columns partitioning the picture of the i-th layer. Whennum_tile_columns_minus1[i] is not signaled, it is assumed thatnum_tile_columns_minus1[i] is 0.

A value of num_tile_rows_minus1[i] plus 1 represents the number of tilerows partitioning the picture of the i-th layer. Whennum_tile_rows_minus1[i] is not signaled, it is assumed thatnum_tile_rows_minus1[i] is 0.

When uniform_spacing_flag[i] has a value of 1, the tile columns and thetile rows in the picture of the i-th layer are positioned atpredetermined intervals. When uniform_spacing_flag[i] has a value of 0,the tile columns and the tile rows in the picture of the i-th layer arenot positioned at predetermined intervals. In this case, a width of thecolumn and a height of the row may be signaled bycolumn_width_minus1[i][j] and row_height_minus1[i][j] of each tile. Whenthe value of uniform_spacing_flag does not exist, it may be assumed thatthe value of uniform_spacing_flag is 1.

A value of column_width_minus1[i][j] plus 1 is to represent a width of acolumn of a j-th tile of the i-th layer by a coding tree block unit.

A value of row_height_minus1[i][j] plus 1 is to represent a height of arow of a j -th tile of the i-th layer by a coding tree block unit.

When loop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag[i] has a value of 1, it isshown that in-loop filtering is performed on the tile boundary in thepicture of the i-th layer. When loop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag[i]has a value of 0, it is shown that in-loop filtering is not performed onthe tile boundary in the picture of the i-th layer. The In-loopfiltering operation includes a deblocking filter operation and anadaptive offset filter operation. When a value ofloop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag is not signaled, it is assumedthat the value of loop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag is 1.

Like Table 10, the same information described above may be signaled in asupplemental enhancement information (SEI) message without transmittingthe tile information in the VPS.

Further, the PPS may be revised so as to update the tile informationsignaled in the PPS only if necessary.

Table 11 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of updating thetile information signaled in the PPS only if necessary according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 11 pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor  ...  if( nuh_layer_id== 0) {   tiles_enabled_flag u(1)  else   update_tiles_info_flag u(1) if(tiles_enabled_flag || update_tiles_info_flag) {  num_tile_columns_minus1 ue(v)   num_tile_rows_minus1 ue(v)  uniform_spacing_flag u(1)   if( !uniform_spacing_flag ) {    for( i =0; i < num_tile_columns_minus1; i++ )     column_width_minus1[ i ] ue(v)   for( i = 0; i < num_tile_rows_minus1; i++ )     row_height_minus1[ i] ue(v)   }   loop_filter_cross_tiles_enabled_flag u(1)  }  ... }

Referring to Table 11, when tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 1, it ismeant that all the pictures referring to the corresponding PPS includetwo or more tiles. When tiles_enabled_flag has a value of 0, it is meantthat all the pictures referring to the PPS include only one tile. If thevalue of tiles_enabled_flag is not signaled, the value oftiles_enabled_flag is inferred as 0.

When update_tiles_info_flag has a value of 1, it is shown that the tileinformation of the pictures referring to the corresponding PPS isupdated. When update_tiles_info_flag has a value of 0, it is shown thatthe tile information of the pictures referring to the corresponding PPSis not updated.

Second Embodiment

Table 12 is another example of the syntax illustrating a method ofsignaling tile information in a VPS according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

TABLE 12 vps_vui( ){ Descriptor   ...  tiles_not_in_use_flag u(1)  if(!tiles_not_in_use_flag ){   for( i = 0; i <= MaxLayersMinus1; i++ ) {u(1)    tiles_in_use_flag[ i ]    if( tiles_in_use_flag[ i ] ) {    default_tile_info_flag[ i ] u(1)     if(default_tile_info_flag[ i ]) {       num_tile_columns_minus1[ i ] ue(v)       num_tile_rows_minus1[i ] ue(v)       loop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag[ i ] u(1)     }   }   }  ... }

An update mechanism of the PPS may be applied only to the number oftiles and contents associated with the loop filter signaling.

TABLE 13 pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor  ...  tiles_enabled_flagu(1)  if ( nuh_layer_id > 0 && tiles_enabled_flag )  update_tiles_info_flag u(1)  if(tiles_enabled_flag) {  if(nuh_layer_id == 0 || update_tiles_info_flag) {   num_tile_columns_minus1 ue(v)    num_tile_rows_minus1 ue(v)   }  uniform_spacing_flag u(1)   if( !uniform_spacing flag ) {    for( i =0; i < num_tile_columns_minus1; i++ )     column_width_minus1[ i ] ue(v)   for( i = 0; i < num_tile_rows_minus1; i++ )     row_height_minus1[ i] ue(v)   }   If( nuh_layer_id == 0 || update_tiles_info_flag)   loop_filter_across_tiles_enabled_flag u(1)  }  ... }

Semantics of the syntaxes illustrated in Tables 12 and 13 is the same asthat of the syntaxes described in Tables 10 and 11 in the firstembodiment.

Third Embodiment

Table 14 is yet another example of the syntax illustrating a method ofsignaling tile information in a VPS according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

TABLE 14 vps_extension( ){ Descriptor   ...   for( i = 0; i <=MaxLayersMinus1; i++ ) {     default_tile_info_flag[ i ] u(1)    if(default_tile_info_flag[ i ] ) {       num_tile_colunms_minus1[ i] ue(v)       num_tile_rows_minusl[ i ] ue(v)     }      }  ... }

Semantics of the syntaxes illustrated in Table 14 is the same as that ofthe syntaxes described in Tables 10 and 11 in the first embodiment.

Fourth Embodiment

Table 15 is still yet another example of the syntax illustrating amethod of signaling tile information in a VPS according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 15 vps_extension( ){ Descriptor   ...   for( i = 0; i <=MaxLayersMinus1, i++ ) {     min_max_tile_info_flag[ i ] u(1)    if(min_max__tile_info_flag[ i ] ) {       max_num_tile_columns_minus1[ i ] ue(v)       min_num_tile_columns_minus1[ i ] ue(v)       max_num_tile_rows_minus1[ i ] ue(v)       min_num_tile_rows_minus1[ i ] ue(v)     }      }  ... }

Referring to FIG. 15, when min_max_tile_info_flag[i] has a value of 1,it is meant that a maximum tile number and a minimum tile number of thepicture of the i-th layer included in the bitstream are signaled. Whenmin_max_tile_info_flag[i] has a value of 0, it is meant that a maximumtile number and a minimum tile number of the picture of the i-th layerincluded in the bitstream are not signaled.

A value of max_num_tile_columns_minus1[i] plus 1 represents a maximumnumber of tile columns partitioning the picture of the i-th layer. Whenmax_num_tile_columns_minus1[i] is not signaled, it is assumed thatmax_num_tile_columns_minus1[i] is 0.

A value of min_num_tile_columns_minus1[i] plus 1 represents a minimumnumber of tile columns partitioning the picture of the i-th layer. Whenmin_num_tile_columns_minus1[i] is not signaled, it is assumed thatmin_num_tile_columns_minus1[i] is 0.

A value of max_num_tile_rows_minus1[i] plus 1 represents a maximumnumber of tile rows partitioning the picture of the i-th layer. Whenmax_num_tile_rows_minus1[i] is not signaled, it is assumed thatmax_num_tile_rows_minus1[i] is 0.

A value of min_num_tile_rows_minus1[i] plus 1 represents a minimumnumber of tile rows partitioning the picture of the i-th layer. Whenmin_num_tile_rows_minus1[i] is not signaled, it is assumed thatmin_num_tile_rows_minus1[i] is 0.

Fifth Embodiment

Table 16 is still yet another example of the syntax illustrating amethod of signaling tile information in a VPS according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 16 vps_extension( ){ Descriptor   ...   for( i = 0; i <=MaxLayersMinus1; i++ ) {     max_tile_info_flag[ i ] u(1)    min_tile_info_flag[ i ] u(1)     if(max_tile_info_flag[ i ] ) {      max_num_tile_columns_minus1[ i ] ue(v)      max_num_tile_rows_minus1[ i ]] ue(v)          }    if(min_tile_info_flag[ i ] ) {       min_num_tile_columns_minus1[ i] ue(v)       min_num_tile_rows_minus1[ i ] ue(v)     }      }  ... }

Referring to FIG. 16, when max_tile_info_flag[i] has a value of 1, it ismeant that a maximum tile number of the picture of the i-th layerincluded in the bitstream is signaled. When max_tile_info_flag[i] has avalue of 0, it is meant that the maximum tile number of the picture ofthe i-th layer included in the bitstream is not signaled.

When min_tile_info_flag[i] has a value of 1, it is meant that a minimumtile number of the picture of the i-th layer included in the bitstreamis signaled. When min_tile_info_flag[i] has a value of 0, it is meantthat the minimum tile number of the picture of the i-th layer includedin the bitstream is not signaled.

The embodiments 4 and 5 may be signaled in vps_vui( ).

Tile Information in SPS

Generally, since tile settings of pictures in a specific layer are thesame as each other, another method describing the tile information maybe described in the SPS. If the tile information in the VPS is notrevised, the SPS may be revised like the following Table 17.

Table 17 is an example of the syntax illustrating a method of signalingtile information in the SPS according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

TABLE 17 seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ){ Descriptor  ...   default_tile_setting_flag u(1)    if(default_tile_setting_flag ) {     num_tile_columns_minus1 ue(v)      num_tile_rows_minus1 ue(v)     uniform_spacing_flag u(1)      if( !uniform_spacing_flag ) {      for( i = 0; i < num_tile_columns_minus1; i++ )       column_width_minus1[ i ] ue(v)       for( i = 0; i <num_tile_rows_minus1; i++ )        row_height_minus1[ i ] ue(v)      }   }  ... }

Since semantics of the syntaxes described in Table 17 is the same asthat of the syntaxes signaling the tile information in the VPS describedabove, herein, the description thereof will be omitted.

Description of Non-Present Tile Sets

Regions (that is, tile regions or tile sets) which are independentlydecodable in one current CVS may be described in “inter-layerconstrained tile sets SEI messages” and a “motion-constrained SEImessage”. In this case, outside area of the described regions (a regionexcept for the regions which are independently decodable in the CVS) maybe skipped without transmitting the encoded data to the correspondingportion.

However, as illustrated in FIG. 4, an empty tile set which isintentionally removed later may exist. The empty tile set may be filledlater by a device which exists on a content transfer path (used for anadvertisement box and the like). To this end, it is useful that thedecoder may determine which tile sets (that is, independently decodableregions) are removed.

The current “inter-layer constrained tile sets SEI messages” describesonly the independently decodable regions, and does not describe whichregion is removed on the transfer path.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of describinginformation on tile sets so as to distinguish the removed region fromthe decodable regions in the picture.

For example, a flag may be added to each tile set defined so as torepresent whether the tile set in the picture exists.

Table 18 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of using a flagrepresenting whether the tile set exists or not according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 18 Des- crip- inter_layer_constrained_tile_sets( payloadSize ) {tor  il_all_tiles_exact_sample_value_match_flag u(1) il_one_tile_per_tile_set_flag u(1)  if( !il_one_tile_per_tile_set_flag) {   il_num_sets_in_message_minus1 ue(v)   if(il_num_sets_in_message_minus1 )    skipped_tile_set_present_flag u(1)  numSignificantSets = il_num_sets_in_message_minus1            -skipped_tile_set_present_flag + 1   for( 1 = 0; i < numSignificantSets;i++ ) {    ilcts_id[i] ue(v)    present_flag[i] u(1)   il_num_tile_rects_in_set_minus1[ i ] ue(v)    for( j = 0; j <=il_num_tile_rects_in_set minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {    il_top_left_tile_index[ i ][ j ] ue(v)    il_bottom_right_tile_index[ i ][ j ] ue(v)    }    ilc_idc[ i ] u(2)   if ( !il_all_tiles_exact_sample_value_match_flag)     il_exact_sample_value_match_flag[ i ] u(1)   }  } else   all_tiles_ilc_idcu(2)  ... }

Referring to Table 18, when present_flag[i] has a value of 1, it ismeant that the tile set recognized in the CVS exists. Whenpresent_flag[i] has a value of 0, it is meant that the tile setrecognized in the CVS does not exist.

As another example, a new SEI message indicating whether each tile setexists in the CVS may be created. In this case, the “inter-layerconstrained tile sets SEI message” should not be revised.

Revision of Representation Formats

Hereinafter, in the present invention, a method for improving therepresentation for “representation formats” described in the VPS and theSPS is proposed.

Table 19 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of signalingrepresentation formats according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

TABLE 19 vps_extension( ) { Descriptor  ...  if(rep_format_idx_present_flag )   for( i = 1; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1;i++ )    if( vps_num_rep_formats_minus1 > 0 )     vps_rep_format_idx[ i] u(4)  }  ... }

Referring to Table 19, vps_rep_format_idx[i] represents an index for alist of a rep_format( )syntax applied to the i-th layer.

The syntax of Table 19 may be revised like the following Table 20. Whenthe syntax is revised like Table 20, there is benefit not to signal“for”-loop when vps_num_rep_formats_minus1=0 at a VPS parsing process inthe decoder or a middle box.

Table 20 is another example of a syntax illustrating a method ofsignaling representation formats according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

TABLE 20 vps_extension( ) 1 Descriptor  ...  if(rep_format_idx_present_flag && vps_num_rep_  formats_minus1 > 0)   for(i = 1; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ )    

    vps_rep_format_idx[ i ] u(4)  }  ... }

When a size of a picture or a bit depth is changed only in some layers,in order to prevent signaling of the duplicated information, informationon the representation format may be signaled like the following Table21.

Table 21 is an example illustrating representation format syntax forimproving that the duplicated information is signaled according to theembodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 21 rep_format( ) { Descriptor  chroma_size_vps_present_flag u(1 bit_depth_vps_present_flag u(1)  if(chroma_size_vps_present_flag ) {  chroma_format_vps_idc u(2)   if( chroma_format_vps_idc == 3 )   separate_colour_plane_vps _flag u(1)   pic_width_vps_in_luma_samplesu(16)   pic_height_vps_in_luma_samples u(16)  } if(bit_depth_vps_present_flag ) {   bit_depth_vps_luma_minus8 u(4)  bit_depth_vps_chroma_minus8 u(4)  }  ... }

Referring to Table 21, when chroma_size_vps_present_flag has a value of1, it is shown that information on a chroma format and a picture size isincluded in the syntax. When chroma_size_vps_present_flag has a value of0, it is meant that the information on the chroma format and the picturesize refers to rep_format( )signaled before. The value ofchroma_size_vps_present_flag of a first rep_format( )needs to be 1.

When bit_depth_vps_present_flag has a value of 1, it is shown thatinformation on the bit-depth is included in the syntax. Whenbit_depth_vps_present_flag has a value of 0, it is meant thatinformation on the bit-depth refers to rep_format( )signaled before. Thevalue of bit_depth_vps_present_flag of a first rep_format( )needs to be1.

The size of a picture varies for each layer, but when the chroma formatand the bit depth do not vary for each layer in many cases, in order toprevent the signaling of the duplicated information, information on therepresentation format may be signaled like the following Table 22.

Table 22 is another example illustrating representation format syntaxfor improving that the duplicated information is signaled according tothe embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 22 rep_format( ) { Descriptor  depth_chroma_vps_present_flag u(1) if(depth_chroma_vps_present_flag ) {   chroma_format_vps_idc u(2)   if(chroma_format_vps_idc == 3)    separate_colour_plane_vps_flag u(1)  bit_depth_vps_luma_minus8 u(4)   bit_depth_vps_chroma_minus8 u(4)  } pic_width_vps_in_luma_samples u(16)  pic_height_vps_in_luma_samplesu(16)  ... }

Referring to Table 22, when depth_chroma_vps_present_flag has a value of1, it is shown that information on a chroma format and bit-depth isincluded in the syntax. When depth_chroma_vps_present_flag has a valueof 0, it is meant that the information on the chroma format and thebit-depth refers to rep_format( )signaled before. In this case, therep_format( )signaled before may mean rep_format( )applied to a layerbelow the layer to which a current rep_format( )is applied. The value ofdepth_chroma_vps_present_flag of the first rep_format( )needs to be 1.

Additionally, in the SPS, the update_re_format_flag may be replaced withupdate_chroma_size_flag representing that update information on thechroma format and the picture size exists and update_bit_depth_flagrepresenting that update information on the bit-depth exists.

Table 23 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of signalingupdate information on the chroma format, the picture size, and thebit-depth in the SPS according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

TABLE 23 seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor  ...  if( nuh_layer_id >0 ) {   

u(1)   update_chroma_size_flag u(1)   update_bit_depth_flag u(1)  }  if(update_ chroma_size_flag ) {   chroma_format_idc ue(v)  if(chroma_format_idc == 3 )    separate_colour_plane_flag u(1)  pic_width_in_luma_samples ue(v)   pic_height_in_luma_samples ue(v)  }...  if( update_bit_depth_flag ) {   bit_depth_luma_minus8 ue(v)  bit_depth_chroma_minus8 ue(v)  }  ... }

Referring to Table 23, when update_chroma_size_flag has a value of 1,chroma_format_idc, separate_colour_plane_flag,pic_width_in_luma_samples, and pic_height_in_luma_samples are signaledin the SPS, and all layers in which the value of nuh_layer_id referringto the corresponding SPS is larger than 0 use the signaled values. Inthis case, the layers in which the value of nuh_layer_id is larger than0 do not use values associated with the chroma_format_idc, theseparate_colour_plane_flag, the pic_width_in_luma_samples, and thepic_height_in_luma_samples which are signaled in the VPS

When update_chroma_size_flag has a value of 0, it is meant that thevalues of the chroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples are notsignaled in the SPS, and all the layers referring to the correspondingSPS use the values of the chroma_format_idc, theseparate_colour_plane_flag, the pic_width_in_luma_samples, and thepic_height_in_luma_samples which are signaled in the VPS. When theupdate_chroma_size_flag is not signaled, the value of theupdate_chroma_size_flag is regarded as 1.

When a current picture having a value of which the value of nuh_layer_idis larger than 0 (nuh_layer_id =layerldCurr>0) refers to a specific SPS,the chroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples may beregarded as the following value or limited thereto.

When the value of nuh_layer_id of the activated SPS is 0, the values ofthe chroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples areregarded as chroma_format_idc, separate_colour_plane_flag,pic_width_in_luma_samples, pic_height_in_luma_samples ofvps_ref_format_idx[j]-th rep_format( )of the activated VPS. In thiscase, j is LayerIdxInVps[layerldCurr], and the values of thechroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples which aresignaled in the activated SPS are ignored.

When an active non-base layer refers to the SPS used even in the baselayer, the values of the chroma_format_idc, theseparate_colour_plane_flag, the pic_width_in_luma_samples, and thepic_height_in_luma_samples are inferred from the VPS, and in this case,the SPS has a value of nuh_layer_id which is 0. In an active base layer,values of the chroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples which aresignaled in the activated SPS are applied.

When a value of nuh_layer_id of the activated SPS is larger than 0, thefollowing is applied.

If a value of update_chroma_size_flag is 0, the values of thechroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples areregarded as chroma_format_idc, separate_colour_plane_flag,pic_width_in_luma_samples, pic_height_in_luma_samples ofvps_ref_format_idx[j]-th rep_format( )of the activated VPS. In thiscase, j is LayerIdxInVps[layerldCurr].

If a value of update_chroma_size_flag is 1, the values of thechroma_format_idc, the separate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, and the pic_height_in_luma_samples aresmaller than or equal to the value of the chroma_format_idc, theseparate_colour_plane_flag, thepic_width_in_luma_samples, thepic_height_in_luma_samples of vps_ref_format_idx[j]-th rep_format( )ofthe activated VPS. In this case, j is LayerIdxInVps[layerldCurr].

When update_bit_depth_flag has a value of 1, bit_depth_luma_minus8 andbit_depth_chroma_minus8 are signaled in the SPS, and all the layers inwhich the value of nuh_layer_id referring to the corresponding SPS islarger than 0 use the signaled values. In this case, in a layer of whichthe value of nuh_layer_id is larger than 0, values associated with thebit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 which are signaledin the VPS are not used.

When update_bit_depth_flag has a value of 0, it is shown that the valuesof the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 are notsignaled in the SPS, and all layers referring to the corresponding SPSuse the value of the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and thebit_depth_chroma_minus8 which are signaled in the VPS. When theupdate_bit_depth_flag is not signaled, the value of theupdate_bit_depth_flag is regarded as 1.

When a current picture having a value of which the value of thenuh_layer_id is larger than 0 (nuh_layer_id=layerldCurr>0) refers to aspecific SPS, the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8may be regarded as the following values or limited thereto.

When the value of the nuh_layer_id of the activated SPS is 0, the valuesof the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 areregarded as bit_depth_luma_minus8 and bit_depth_chroma_minus8 ofvps_ref_format_idx[j]-th rep_format( )of the activated VPS. In thiscase, j is LayerIdxInVps[layerldCurr], and the values of thebit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 which are signaledin the activated SPS are ignored.

When an active non-base layer refers to the SPS used even in the baselayer, the values of the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and thebit_depth_chroma_minus8 are inferred from the VPS, and in this case, theSPS has a value of the nuh_layer_id which is 0. In an active base layer,the values of the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8which are signaled in the activated SPS are applied.

When a value of nuh_layer_id of the activated SPS is larger than 0, thefollowing is applied.

When the value of the update_bit_depth_flag is 0, the values of thebit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 are regarded asbit_depth_luma_minus8 and bit_depth_chroma_minus8 ofvps_ref_format_idx[j]-th rep_format( )of the activated VPS. In thiscase, j is LayerIdxInVps[layerldCurr].

If the value of the update_bit_depth_flag is 1, the values of thebit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 are smaller thanor equal to the bit_depth_luma_minus8 and the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 ofvps_ref_format_idx[j]-th rep_format( )of the activated VPS. In thiscase, j is LayerIdxInVps[layerldCurr].

Sps Max Sub Layers Minus1 Signaling Related in VPS Extension

The number of temporal sub-layers for each layer included in thebitstream may be signaled in a VPS extension.

Table 24 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of signaling amaximum number of temporal sub-layers according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

TABLE 24 vps_extension( ) { Descriptor ... vps_sub_layers_max_minus1_present_flag u(1)   if(vps_sub_layers_max_minus1_present_flag )    for( i = 0; i <=MaxLayersMinus1; i++ )     sub_layers_vps_max_minus1[ i ] u(3) ... }

Referring to Table 24, when vps_sub_layers_max_minus_present_flag is 1,it is shown that a value of sub_layer_vps_max_minus1[i] is signaled, andwhen the vps_sub_layers_max_minus_present_flag is 0, it is shown thatthe value of the sub_layer_vps_max_minus1[i] is not signaled.

Sub_layers_vps_max_minus1[i]+1 represents a maximum number of temporalsub-layers existing in the layer in which the value of the nuh_layer_idis layer_id_in_nuh[i]. The value of the sub_layers_vps_max_minus1[i] hasa range of 0 to vps_max_sub_layers_minus1, and when the value of thesub_layers_vps_max_minus1[i] is not signaled, the value of thesub_layers_vps_max_minus1[i] is inferred as the value of thevps_max_sub_layers_minus1.

Meanwhile, in the SPS, when the layer referring to the corresponding SPShas the nuh_layer_id value of 0, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 forrepresenting a maximum number of temporal sub-layers of thecorresponding layer is signaled. However, in the SPS, when the layerreferring to the corresponding SPS has the nuh_layer_id value which islarger than 0, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 for representing a maximumnumber of temporal sub-layers of the corresponding layer is notseparately signaled. In this case, vps_max_sub_layers_minus1+1, which isa maximum number of temporal sub-layers existing in the entire bitstreaminstead of the maximum number of temporal sub-layers of thecorresponding layer, is defined.

However, as described above, in the case of signaling the maximum numberof temporal sub-layers for each layer in the VPS extension, it may beobvious that the value of the sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 in which thevalue of the nuh_layer_id is larger than 0 is defined as the followingvalue of sub_layers_vps_max_minus1 value.

When the layer referring to the corresponding SPS has the value of thenuh_layer_id which is larger than 0, the sps_max_sub_layers_minus1+1represents the maximum number of temporal sub-layers of thecorresponding layer. The sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 has a value of 0 to6. When the sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is not signaled, it is inferredthat the value of the sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is the same as the valueof sub_layers_vps_max_minus1[i] of the i-th layer in which the value ofthe nuh_layer_id is layer_id_in_nuh_[i].

Temporal Id Nesting Flag Signaling in VPS

Vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag signaled in the VPS is used for notifyingthat switching-up of the temporal sub-layers may be performed withrespect to all the layers of the bitstream. That is, when the value ofthe vps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is larger than 0, the value of thevps_temporal_id_nesting_flag represents whether inter-screen predictionis additionally limited with respect to the CVS (coded video bitstream)referring to the corresponding VPS. When the value of thevps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is 0, the vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag needsto have a value of 0.

However, it may be useful that a decoder or a bitstream extractordetermines whether switching-up may be performed for each layer withoutanalyzing the SPS. Accordingly, a method of signalingtemporal_id_nesting_flag representing whether switching-up may beperformed for each layer in the VPS is proposed like the following Table25.

Table 25 is an example of a syntax illustrating a method of signaling aflag representing whether switching-up may be performed for each layeraccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 25 vps_extension( ) { Descriptor  ...  vps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_present_flag u(1)   if(vps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_present_flag )    for( i = 0; i <=MaxLayersMinus1; i++ )     vps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[ i ] u(1) ... }

Referring to Table 25, when a value ofvps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_present_flag is 1, it is shown thatvps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] exists. When the value of thevps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_present_flag is 0, it is shown that thevps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] is not signaled.

When the sub_layers_vps_max_minus1[i] is larger than 0, thevps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] represents whether theinter-screen prediction is additionally limited with respect to thepicture of the i-th layer. When the sub_layers_vps_max_minus[i] is 0,the vps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] needs to have a value of 1.When the vps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] is not signaled, it isinferred that the vps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] is the same asthe value of the vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag.

In addition, semantics of the sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag signaled inthe SPS may be revised as follows.

The sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag represents whether the inter-screenprediction is additionally limited with respect to the coded videostream (CVS) referring to the corresponding SPS, when thesps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is larger than 0.

When the value of the vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag is 1, the value ofthe sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag needs to be 1. When thesps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is 0, the value of thesps_temporal_id_nesting_flag needs to be 1. When the value of thesps_temporal_id_nesting_flag is not signaled, it is inferred that thevalue of the sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag is the same as the value ofvps_layer_temporal_id_nesting_flag[i] of the i-th layer in which thevalue of the nuh_layer_id is layer_id_in_nuh[i].

FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for acquiringtile information in the scalable video coding structure supporting theplurality of layers according to the embodiment of the presentinvention.

The method of FIG. 5 may be performed by the apparatus for videodecoding (in more detail, the entropy decoding unit) of FIG. 2 describedabove. In the embodiment, for easy description, it is described that themethod is performed by the decoding apparatus, but a reverse processthereof may be performed by the encoding apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 5, the decoding apparatus acquires informationindicating whether tile information exists (S500).

The decoding apparatus may receive a scalable bitstream andentropy-decode the received bitstream to acquire information indicatingwhether the tile information exists.

The information indicating whether the tile information exists may beinformation representing whether a picture including two or more tilesamong the pictures in the layer exists, as described above.

For example, when the picture including two or more tiles among thepictures in the layer exists, the information indicating whether thetile information exists may be set as that the tile information exists.On the contrary, when the picture including two or more tiles among thepictures in the layer does not exist, that is, when all the pictures inthe layer include only one tile, the information indicating whether thetile information exists may be set as that the tile information does notexist.

The decoding apparatus acquires the tile information based on theinformation indicating whether the tile information exists (S510).

In the case of indicating that the tile information exists in thebitstream, the decoding apparatus may acquire the tile informationthrough entropy decoding.

The tile information may be information representing whether locationsof tiles existing in the picture of the current layer collocate with thelocations of tiles existing in the picture of the reference layerreferred to by the current layer. For example, as described above, thetile information may be tile_boundaries_aligned_flag.

The information indicating whether the tile information exists and thetile information may be transmitted from the encoder through the VPS,the PPS, the SPS, and the like.

The process of acquiring the tile information based on the informationindicating whether the tile information exists according to theembodiment of the present invention described above may be performedlike the syntax described in Tables 1 to 7, and may be applied invarious combinations of the embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for acquiringrepresentation format information in the scalable video coding structuresupporting the plurality of layers according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

The method of FIG. 6 may be performed by the apparatus for videodecoding (in more detail, the entropy decoding unit) of FIG. 2 describedabove. In the embodiment, for easy description, it is described that themethod is performed by the decoding apparatus, but a reverse processthereof may be performed by the encoding apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 6, the decoding apparatus acquires informationindicating whether the chroma format information and the bit-depthinformation exist (S600).

The decoding apparatus may receive a scalable bitstream andentropy-decode the received bitstream to acquire the informationindicating whether the chroma format information and the bit-depthinformation exist.

The information indicating whether the chroma format information and thebit-depth information exist is described through Tables 19 to 23, andfor example, may be rep_format_idx_present_flag,depth_chroma_vps_present_flag, chroma_size_vps_present_flag,bit_depth_vps_present_flag, and the like.

The decoding apparatus acquires the chroma format information and thebit-depth information based on the information indicating whether thechroma format information and the bit-depth information exist (S610).

In the case of indicating that the chroma format information and thebit-depth information exist in the bitstream, the decoding apparatus mayacquire the chroma format information and the bit-depth informationthrough entropy-decoding.

The chroma format information, as information on chroma and lumasampling, includes monochrome sampling, 4:2:0 sampling, 4:2:2 sampling,and 4:4:4 sampling chroma formats.

The monochrome sampling means a sample array constituted by only a lumaarray. The 4:2:0 sampling means that each of two chroma arrays has a 1/2height and a 1/2 width of the luma array. The 4:2:2 sampling means thateach of two chroma arrays has the same height and a 1/2 width of theluma array. The 4:4:4 sampling means that each of two chroma arrays hasthe same height and width as the luma array or is processed bymonochrome sampling.

In the case of indicating that the chroma format information and thebit-depth information do not exist in the bitstream, the chroma formatinformation may refer to the chroma format information signaled before,and the bit-depth information may refer to the bit-depth informationsignaled before.

The information indicating whether the chroma format information and thebit-depth information exist, the chroma format information, and thebit-depth information may be transmitted from the encoder through theVPS, the PPS, the SPS, the rep_format( )which is the syntax describingthe representation format information, and the like.

The process of acquiring the chroma format information and the bit-depthinformation based on the information indicating whether the chromaformat information and the bit-depth information exist according to theembodiment of the present invention described above is described inTables 19 to 23, and herein, the detailed description thereof will beomitted.

The method according to the present invention is prepared as a programfor being executed in a computer to be stored in a computer-readablemedium , and examples of the computer readable recording medium includeROM, RAM, CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical datastoring device and the computer readable recording medium may also beimplemented in a form of a carrier wave (for example, transmissionthrough the Internet).

Further, the computer-readable recording media are distributed oncomputer systems connected through the network, and thus thecomputer-readable recording media may be stored and executed as thecomputer-readable code by a distribution scheme. Further, functionalprograms, codes, and code segments for implementing the method may beeasily inferred by a programmer in a technical field to which thepresent invention belongs.

In the aforementioned embodiments, methods have been described based onflowcharts as a series of steps or blocks, but the methods are notlimited to the order of the steps of the present invention and any stepmay occur in a step or an order different from or simultaneously as theaforementioned step or order. Further, it can be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art that steps shown in the flowcharts are not exclusiveand other steps may be included or one or more steps do not influencethe scope of the present invention and may be deleted.

While some embodiments of the present invention have been described withreference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art maychange, modify, and substitute the present invention in various wayswithout departing from the essential characteristic of the presentinvention. Accordingly, the various embodiments disclosed herein are notintended to limit the technical spirit but describe with the true scopeand spirit being indicated by the following claims. The scope of thepresent invention may be interpreted by the appended claims and thetechnical spirit in the equivalent range are intended to be embraced bythe invention.

1. A method for video decoding supporting a plurality of layers with adecoding apparatus, the method comprising: decoding, with the decodingapparatus, a tiles not in use flag from a bitstream; and decoding, withthe decoding apparatus, a tile boundaries aligned flag from thebitstream based on the tile not in use flag, wherein the tile not in useflag equal to 1 indicates that all pictures belonging to a videosequence to consist of a single tile, wherein the tile boundariesaligned flag indicates whether a current layer coincides with areference layer in a boundary of the tile, wherein the tile boundariesaligned flag is decoded when the tile not in use flag does not equal to1, wherein the tile not in use flag is signaled when VUI (VideoUsability Information) is present in VPS (Video Parameter Set).
 2. Amethod for video encoding supporting a plurality of layers with aencoding apparatus, the method comprising: determining, with theencoding apparatus, whether all pictures belonging to a video sequenceto consist of a single tile; encoding, with the encoding apparatus, atiles not in use flag based on the determination result; encoding, withthe encoding apparatus, a tile boundaries aligned flag based on the tilenot in use flag; and generating, with the encoding apparatus, abitstream including at least one of the tiles not in use flag and thetile boundaries aligned flag, wherein the tile not in use flag equal to1 indicates that all pictures belonging to a video sequence to consistof a single tile, wherein the tile boundaries aligned flag indicateswhether a current layer coincides with a reference layer in a boundaryof the tile, wherein the tile boundaries aligned flag is encoded whenthe tile not in use flag does not equal to 1, wherein the tile not inuse flag is signaled through VUI (Video Usability Information) in in VPS(Video Parameter Set).
 3. A computer readable recording medium forstoring a bitstream, wherein the bitstream is generated by a method forvideo encoding supporting a plurality of layers with a encodingapparatus, the method comprising: determining, with the encodingapparatus, whether all pictures belonging to a video sequence to consistof a single tile; encoding, with the encoding apparatus, a tiles not inuse flag based on the determination result; encoding, with the encodingapparatus, a tile boundaries aligned flag based on the tile not in useflag; and generating, with the encoding apparatus, a bitstream includingat least one of the tiles not in use flag and the tile boundariesaligned flag, wherein the tile not in use flag equal to 1 indicates thatall pictures belonging to a video sequence to consist of a single tile,wherein the tile boundaries aligned flag indicates whether a currentlayer coincides with a reference layer in a boundary of the tile,wherein the tile boundaries aligned flag is encoded when the tile not inuse flag does not equal to 1, wherein the tile not in use flag issignaled through VUI (Video Usability Information) in in VPS (VideoParameter Set).